C++: What are the main differences between C and C++?

C++ is a superset of C with additional features.

C:

• Procedural language.
• No classes/objects.
• Manual memory management (malloc/free).
• No function overloading.
• No templates.
• No exceptions.

C++:

• Multi-paradigm (procedural, OOP, generic, functional).
• Classes and objects.
• new/delete operators.
• Function overloading.
• Templates (STL).
• Exceptions (try/catch).
• Namespaces.
• References (&).
• RAII (Resource Acquisition Is Initialization).