What are the exception handling best practices?

Question

Accepted Answer

**Exception handling** — proper error management.

**Catch specific exceptions:**
```csharp
// Good
catch (HttpRequestException ex)
{
    Console.WriteLine($"HTTP error: {ex.Message}");
}

// Bad — catches everything
catch (Exception ex)
{
    Console.WriteLine($"Error: {ex.Message}");
}
```

**Exception filters:**
```csharp
catch (Exception ex) when (ex.Message.Contains("timeout"))
{
    Console.WriteLine("Timeout error");
}
```

**Custom exceptions:**
```csharp
public class OrderNotFoundException : Exception
{
    public int OrderId { get; }

public OrderNotFoundException(int orderId)
        : base($"Order {orderId} not found")
    {
        OrderId = orderId;
    }
}
```

**Best practices:**
- Catch specific exceptions.
- Use exception filters.
- Don't swallow exceptions.
- Log before rethrowing.
- Use custom exceptions for domain errors.

C#: What are the exception handling best practices?