C#: How does rate limiting work in ASP.NET Core 7+?

1builder.Services.AddRateLimiter(options =>
2{
3    options.OnRejected = (context, ct) =>
4    {
5        context.HttpContext.Response.StatusCode = 429;
6        return ValueTask.CompletedTask;
7    };
8
9    options.AddFixedWindowLimiter("fixed", opt =>
10    {
11        opt.Window = TimeSpan.FromSeconds(10);
12        opt.PermitLimit = 100;
13        opt.QueueProcessingOrder = QueueProcessingOrder.OldestFirst;
14        opt.QueueLimit = 10;
15    });
16});
17
18app.UseRateLimiter();

1var partition = RateLimitPartition.GetTokenBucketLimiter(
2    partitionKey: context.User.Identity?.Name ?? "anonymous",
3    factory: _ => new TokenBucketRateLimiterOptions
4    {
5        TokenLimit = 10,
6        ReplenishmentPeriod = TimeSpan.FromSeconds(1)
7    });