How to optimize Kubernetes costs?

Question

Accepted Answer

**Cost Optimization in K8s** — practices for reducing cloud infrastructure expenses.

**1. Right-sizing (proper sizing):**
```bash
kubectl top pods --sort-by=memory
kubectl top pods --sort-by=cpu
```

**2. Spot Instances (up to 90% discount):**
```yaml
nodeSelector:
  node-type: spot
tolerations:
  - key: "spot"
    operator: "Equal"
    value: "true"
    effect: "NoSchedule"
```

**3. Cluster Autoscaler** — removes unused nodes.

**4. Resource Quotas:**
```yaml
apiVersion: v1
kind: ResourceQuota
metadata:
  name: team-quota
  namespace: dev
spec:
  hard:
    requests.cpu: "4"
    requests.memory: "8Gi"
    limits.cpu: "8"
    limits.memory: "16Gi"
    pods: "20"
```

**5. Reserved Instances / Savings Plans** — up to 72% discount for 1-3 years.

**Monitoring tools:** Kubecost, OpenCost, CloudHealth.

DevOps: How to optimize Kubernetes costs?