C++: What is template specialization?

1// Primary template
2template<typename T>
3void print(T value) {
4    std::cout << value << "\n";
5}
6
7// Full specialization for bool
8template<>
9void print<bool>(bool value) {
10    std::cout << (value ? "true" : "false") << "\n";
11}
12
13print(42);      // Uses primary template
14print(true);    // Uses specialization
15
16// Partial specialization for pointers
17template<typename T>
18void print(T* ptr) {
19    std::cout << "Pointer to: " << *ptr << "\n";
20}
21
22int x = 10;
23print(&x);  // Uses partial specialization