What is a decorator stack and execution order?

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Accepted Answer

When stacking decorators, they execute **bottom to top** (innermost first). ```python def bold(func): def wrapper(): return f"{func()}" return wrapper def italic(func): def wrapper(): return f"{func()}" return wrapper def underline(func): def wrapper(): return f"{func()}" return wrapper @bold # Applied third @italic # Applied second @underline # Applied first def hello(): return "Hello" print(hello()) # Hello # Equivalent to: hello = bold(italic(underline(hello))) ``` **Execution order:** 1. `underline` wraps `hello`. 2. `italic` wraps the result. 3. `bold` wraps the result. 4. When called: `bold` runs first, then `italic`, then `underline`.

Python: What is a decorator stack and execution order?