Python: What is pattern matching (match/case)?

1# Simple match
2def http_status(status):
3    match status:
4        case 200:
5            return "OK"
6        case 404:
7            return "Not Found"
8        case 500:
9            return "Server Error"
10        case _:
11            return "Unknown"
12
13# With variables
14match command:
15    case "quit":
16        exit()
17    case ["move", x, y]:  # List
18        move_to(x, y)
19    case {"action": action, "target": target}:  # Dict
20        execute(action, target)
21    case str() if len(command) > 10:  # Guard
22        process_long(command)
23    case _:  # Wildcard
24        print("Unknown command")
25
26# OR pattern
27match status:
28    case 400 | 401 | 403:
29        return "Client Error"
30    case 500 | 502 | 503:
31        return "Server Error"